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Women's health
The female body is always changing and will experience a number of stages – from periods, pregnancy, childbirth and menopause. And through this journey, a variety of health conditions can affect a woman's body and reproductive organs, such as fibroids and endometriosis.
Our specialists offer advice on how to treat and manage these conditions, as well as risk factors and prevention tips.
Featured articles
Five diet, exercise and lifestyle tips for a healthy bladder
Conditions that affect bladder function are very common in women in the UK, with over one in three having urinary incontinence.
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Four reasons for period pain
Period pain, also known as dysmenorrhea, is a very common symptom in women during their reproductive years.
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What causes cramps, no period and white discharge?
If you’ve missed a period, have cramping and a white discharge from your vagina, you may be pregnant.
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Q & A
Miss Michelle Mullan, Oncoplastic Breast Consultant
Michelle Mullan explains what a mastectomy is, when you may need one, and what your options are once the surgery has taken place.
More women's health articles
Ask the expert: what is endometriosis and how is it treated?
Endometriosis symptoms can overlap with other conditions, such as IBS and diagnosis often takes a long time.
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What is pre-eclampsia?
Pre-eclampsia refers to persistent high blood pressure alongside protein in the urine, which usually develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
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A guide to infertility in men and women
Around one in seven couples in the UK experience infertility.
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The importance of a good night's sleep
A good night’s sleep is vital for our physical and mental health.
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Bleeding after sex: is it normal and what could it mean?
Bleeding after sex is not normal. If you experience bleeding after sex, you should see your GP to find out the cause.
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How does menopause affect your heart health?
After menopause, the risk of heart disease in women rises.
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Heart disease: everything you need to know
According to the British Heart Foundation, heart and circulatory diseases cause more than a quarter of all deaths in the UK.
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Everything you need to know about vaginal thrush
Vaginal thrush is a very common condition affecting around three-quarters of women at some point during their lifetime.
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Ask the expert: what are fibroids?
Fibroids, also known as uterine fibroids, affect around one in five women in the UK aged between 30 and 50.
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What you need to know about postnatal depression
Postnatal depression refers to depression that occurs within one year of giving birth. It can also affect partners.
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How to stop heavy periods
It can be hard to know if you have heavy periods, medically known as menorrhagia.
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Fertility and pregnancy during perimenopause
Menopause is a natural stage of ageing where menstruation (having periods) has stopped for 12 months.
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What you need to know about gestational diabetes: from risks to treatment
Gestational diabetes refers to the presence of diabetes — high blood sugar levels due to insulin problems — during pregnancy.
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Five reasons you may be sweating a lot
Sweating is your body’s way of cooling down. You may sweat after exercise or when the weather is warm.
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Why regular exercise is vital for your health
Regular exercise is good for you both physically and mentally.
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Seven ways to treat varicose veins
Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that most commonly occur in the lower legs.
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How menopause affects your mental health and wellbeing
Menopause is a natural transition in a woman’s life when the ovaries stop working completely.
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What to expect during menopause
Menopause is a natural part of ageing in women when periods stop and getting pregnant naturally is no longer possible.
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Hysteroscopy Q&A
Mr Mohan Kumar, Consultant Gynaecologist, explains what a hysteroscopy is and why you might have the procedure.
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What you need to know about anxiety
Most people will experience feelings of anxiety at some point in their lives.
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Four reasons for period pain
Period pain, also known as dysmenorrhea, is a very common symptom in women during their reproductive years.
Read moreArticle
Select from our range of available women's health treatments
- Bladder investigations (cystoscopy)
- Bladder lesion removal
- Breast health risk assessment
- Breast implant removal
- Breast lump investigation
- Breast reconstruction following mastectomy
- Cervical smears
- Colposcopy
- Dilatation and curettage
- Endometrial ablation surgery
- Female sterilisation
- Fertility tests
- Hormone test
- Hysterectomy surgery
- Hysteroscopy procedure
- Inverted nipple surgery
- Kidney stones treatment
- Labial reduction surgery (vaginal reshaping)
- Laparoscopy investigation and treatment
- Mammogram (mammography)
- Mastectomy
- Myomectomy surgery
- NovaSure for heavy periods (endometrial ablation)
- Ovarian cyst removal
- Reversal of female sterilisation
- Sexual health testing
- Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) for women
- Urodynamics
- Uterine fibroid embolisation (UFE)
- Vaginal repair operation
- Bone density scan for osteoporosis
All treatments
Hide A-Z listA A:
- Abdominal hysterectomy
- Abdominal pain
- Ablation of arrhythmia
- Acid reflux (Stretta)
- Acne
- Acne
- Acupuncture
- Age-related macular degeneration
- Age-related macular degeneration treatment
- Allergy and infectious diseases
- Allergy testing
- AlterG treadmill
- Anaemia
- Anal abscess
- Anal bleeding
- Anal discharge
- Anal fissure
- Anal fistula
- Anal pain
- Angina
- Ankle arthroscopy
- Ankle replacement
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Anterior cruciate ligament injury
- Anti-wrinkle treatment by injection
- Aortic valve replacement
- Aquablation® therapy
- Arm reduction and arm lift
- Arrhythmia
- Arthritis
- Arthroscopy
- Articular cartilage repair
- Asthma
- Asthma
B B:
- Back pain
- Back pain investigations (discography)
- Back surgery (spinal surgery)
- Bad breath
- Baker's cyst
- Balloon kyphoplasty
- Balloon sinuplasty for chronic sinusitis
- Bariatric surgery
- Barium enema
- Barium swallow and barium meal
- Benign prostate treatments
- Birthmarks
- Bladder cancer
- Bladder investigations (cystoscopy)
- Bladder lesion removal
- Blood clot or thrombosis test
- Blood disorder test
- Blood in urine
- Blood pressure test
- Blood tests
- Blood tests for heart disease risk (cardiac testing)
- Blood type or blood group test
- Blurred vision
- Body Movement Therapy
- Bone density scan for osteoporosis
- Bones and joints
- Boob job
- Botulinum toxin injection for back pain
- Bowel cancer
- Bowel disorder test
- Bowel incontinence
- Bowel surgery, colostomy and ileostomy
- Bowel treatments
- Brain tumour
- Bravo pH monitoring
- Breast augmentation
- Breast cancer
- Breast cancer genetic test (BRCA 1 & 2 genetic testing)
- Breast enhancement
- Breast enlargement
- Breast health risk assessment
- Breast implant removal
- Breast implants
- Breast lift
- Breast lump investigation
- Breast lump removal
- Breast reconstruction following mastectomy
- Breast reduction
- Breast screening and surgery
- Breast uplift (mastopexy)
- Breathlessness
- Broken nose
- Bronchoscopy
- Brow lift surgery
- Bunion removal and treatment
- Bunions
- Bursitis
C C:
- Cancer investigations and treatments
- Cancer tests
- Capsule endoscopy
- Cardiac catheterisation
- Cardiac CT scan (heart CT)
- Cardiac electrophysiology
- Cardiac MRI scan (heart MRI)
- Cardiomemo recording
- Cardioversion heart rhythm treatment
- Carotid artery disease
- Carpal tunnel decompression
- Carpal tunnel release
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Carpal tunnel syndrome surgery
- Cataract removal surgery
- Cataracts
- Cerebral palsy
- Cervical cancer
- Cervical smears
- Chalazion (inner eyelid cyst) removal
- Cheek implants
- Chemical skin peels
- Chemosaturation therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Chest pain
- Chin implant
- Chlamydia
- Cholesterol level test
- Chronic fatigue
- Chronic pain management
- Circumcision
- Clinical Pilates
- Coeliac disease
- Colonoscopy
- Colposcopy
- Constipation
- Contact dermatitis
- Contrast echocardiogram
- Corneal cross-linking for keratoconus
- Coronary angioplasty
- Coronary artery bypass surgery (heart bypass)
- Coronary heart disease
- Corticosteroid injections
- Cosmetic fat transfer
- Cosmetic surgery
- Coughing
- Coughing up blood
- Craniotomy (brain surgery)
- Crepitus
- Crohn's disease
- Cruciate ligament surgery
- CT scan
- Cyst removal
D D:
- Dental implants
- Dental surgery
- Depression
- Dermaroller anti-wrinkle treatment
- Desensitisation immunotherapy
- Detached retina
- Diabetes
- Diabetes test
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Diarrhoea
- Dilatation and curettage
- Discectomy
- Dizziness
- Dobutamine stress echocardiogram
- Dry eye syndrome
- Duodenal switch weight loss surgery
- Dupuytren's contracture
- Dupuytren's contracture (palmar fasciectomy)
- Dysphagia
E E:
- Ear pinning (pinnaplasty)
- Ear, nose and throat
- Earwax removal
- ECG monitoring or event recorder - 24/48 hour
- Echocardiogram
- Eczema
- Eczema and dermatitis
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Endometrial ablation surgery
- Endometriosis
- Endoscopic ultrasound
- Endothermal ablation
- Endovenous laser treatment
- Enlarged prostate
- Epididymal cysts removal
- Epidural injection
- Erectile dysfunction
- Erectile dysfunction (impotence) treatment
- Eustachian tube balloon dilatation
- Excessive sweating
- Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis)
- Exercise electrocardiogram
- Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT)
- Eye surgery and treatments
- Eyelid cyst surgery
- Eyelid problems
- Eyelid ptosis
- Eyelid surgery or eyebag removal (blepharoplasty)
G G:
- Gait scanning and orthotics
- Gallbladder / gallstone removal (cholecystectomy)
- Gallstones
- Ganglion cyst
- Ganglion removal surgery
- Gastric balloon (weight loss balloon)
- Gastric band adjustment
- Gastric band surgery
- Gastric bypass surgery
- Gastric sleeve surgery (sleeve gastrectomy)
- Gastroenteritis
- Gastroenterology
- Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
- Gastroscopy
- General medicine
- General surgery
- Genital warts
- Glaucoma
- Glaucoma
- Gout
- Grommets insertion (glue ear treatment)
H H:
- Haematology
- Haemorrhoids removal treatment
- Hair loss
- Hand surgery
- Hand therapy
- Headache
- Headache treatments
- Hearing loss
- Heart treatments
- Heart valve disease
- Heart valve replacement
- Heartburn
- Heavy periods
- Hernia surgery
- Hernioplasty
- Herniorrhaphy
- Herniotomy
- Herpes
- Hiatus hernia
- Hiccups
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- High tibial osteotomy
- Hip and knee
- Hip arthroplasty
- Hip arthroscopy
- Hip fracture
- Hip pain
- Hip replacement surgery
- Hives
- Hormone test
- Hydrocele
- Hydrocele surgery
- Hydrocortisone injections
- Hydrotherapy
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
- Hypoglycaemia
- Hysterectomy surgery
- Hysteroscopy procedure
I I:
- Indigestion
- Infertility
- Ingrown toenail surgery
- Inguinal hernia
- Injection treatment for chronic migraines
- Intra-articular injections
- Inverted nipple surgery
- Iron, vitamin and mineral level tests
- Irregular periods
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Irritated and dry skin
- Itchy anus
- Itchy genitals in women
- Itchy skin
L L:
- Labial reduction surgery (vaginal reshaping)
- Laminectomy
- Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
- Laparoscopic hysterectomy
- Laparoscopy investigation and treatment
- Laryngoscopy investigation
- Laser eye surgery
- Laser eye treatment (yag laser capsulotomy)
- Laser hair reduction
- Laser prostate surgery (HoLEP or GreenLight)
- Laser treatment for vascular birthmarks
- Laser treatments for lines and wrinkles
- Laser verruca treatment
- Lateral intercostal artery perforator (LICAP) flap breast reconstruction
- Leukaemia
- Ligation and stripping
- LINX system
- Lip augmentation
- Liposculpture to treat lines and wrinkles
- Liposuction
- Liposuction for men
- Liver and kidney test
- Liver cancer
- Liver disease
- Liver surgery
- Low sperm count
- Lumbar decompression
- Lung cancer
- Lupus
- Lyme disease
M M:
- Macular hole surgery
- Male breast reduction surgery (gynaecomastia)
- Mammogram (mammography)
- Manual Handling Training
- Mastectomy
- Mastopexy
- Medical admission
- Melanoma skin cancer
- Meniscal tear surgery
- Meniscus tear
- Men's health
- Microdermabrasion and dermabrasion
- Microdiscectomy
- Microsuction
- Microsurgical vasectomy reversal
- Migraines
- Mini facelift
- Mole, cyst, wart and skin tag removal
- Morton's neuroma
- Morton's neuroma excision
- MRI scan (magnetic resonance imaging scan)
- MSK Physiotherapy Services
- Multiple sclerosis
- MyKnee personalised knee replacement
- Myomectomy surgery
P P:
- Pacemaker implantation
- Paediatrics
- Pain during sex
- Pain management
- Pain management
- Pain management injections for back and facet joints
- Pain when urinating
- Palpitations
- Pancreatic cancer
- Partial gastrectomy
- Partial knee replacement (PKR)
- Patch testing
- Patello femoral replacement
- Patellofemoral replacement
- Pectoral implants (chest implants)
- Pectus carinatum
- Pectus excavatum (Nuss procedure)
- Pelvic organ prolapse
- Pelvic vein embolisation
- Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation
- Perform rehabilitation
- Perform sports services
- Period pain
- PFO (hole in the heart) closure
- Phacoemulsification
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
- Phototherapy
- Physiotherapy
- Physiotherapy from Perform
- Physiotherapy from Spire
- Pilates Classes
- Piles
- Pins and needles
- Platelet rich plasma therapy (PRP)
- Podiatry
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Premenstrual syndrome
- Presbyopia
- Prostate artery embolisation (PAE)
- Prostate cancer
- Prostate cancer screening (PCA3 test)
- Prostate cancer treatment by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)
- Prostate surgery and laser prostate surgery
- Prostatectomy
- Psoriasis
- Psoriasis skin treatment
R R:
- Radiofrequency ablation
- Radiotherapy
- Rapid Access Injury Clinic
- Refractive lens exchange surgery
- Respiratory medicine
- Retinal detachment surgery
- Reversal of female sterilisation
- Revision knee replacement
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Rheumatology
- Rhizolysis spinal nerve pain treatment
- Rosacea
- Rotator cuff injury
- Rotator cuff repair
- Roux-en-Y bypass
S S:
- Sacral nerve stimulation (neuromodulation)
- Scans and investigations
- Scar revision
- Sciatica
- Scoliosis
- Scoliosis correction
- Seizure
- Selective internal radiotherapy treatment (SIRT)
- Sentinel lymph node biopsy and lymph node removal
- Septoplasty surgery
- Sexual health testing
- Shoulder arthroscopy
- Shoulder impingement
- Shoulder pain
- Shoulder replacement surgery
- Shoulder stabilisation
- Signature knee replacement
- Silhouette Soft non-surgical thread facelift
- Single-dose intraoperative radiotherapy (SD-IORT) for early stage breast cancer
- Sinus surgery (functional endoscopic sinus surgery or FESS)
- Skin treatments
- Sleep apnoea test
- Sleeve gastrectomy
- Slipped disc
- Snoring
- Snoring treatment
- Spinal cord stimulation
- Spinal decompression surgery
- Spinal fusion test
- Spinal stenosis
- Spinal surgery and treatments
- Spondylolisthesis
- Sports Injury Rehabilitation
- Sports Massage
- Sports science
- Sportsman's hernia or groin treatment
- Squint surgery
- Stem cell therapy
- Steroid injections
- Stomach cancer
- Stomach ulcer
- Stress electrocardiogram
- Stress urinary incontinence
- Stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
- Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) for women
- Stroke
- Surgery for anal fissure
- Surgery for anal fistula
- Surgery for anal warts
- Swallowable gastric balloon
- Swallowing difficulties (Dysphagia)
- Swollen abdomen
- Swollen glands
- Swollen joints
- Swollen knee
- Swollen testicles
T T:
- Tendonitis
- Tennis elbow
- Testicle pain
- Testicular cancer
- Testicular implants
- Thigh and buttock lift
- Thread vein treatment
- Thyroid test
- Thyroidectomy surgery
- Tinnitus
- Tomosynthesis
- Tongue tie
- Tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy for children
- Tonsillectomy for adults
- Total body lift
- Total knee replacement (TKR)
- Trabeculectomy
- Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE)
- Transcatheter Aortic Valve Insertion (TAVI)
- Transoesophageal echocardiogram
- Transurethral prostatic resection
- Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
- Treatment for malignant skin cancer
- Trigeminal neuralgia
- Trigger finger
- Trigger finger release
- Tummy tuck (abdominoplasty)
- Tummy tuck (abdominoplasty) for men
- TURP procedure or TURP surgery
- Type 1 diabetes
- Type 2 diabetes