From gallstones and hernias to varicose veins and digestive problems, our Spire experts provide insight and knowledge for a range of health conditions.

General health articles

Gallstones symptoms and causes explained

Gallstones are a fairly common condition that affects an estimated one in 10 adults in the UK.

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What causes rectal bleeding and when to seek help

Rectal bleeding refers to passing blood through your back passage (rectum).

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What you need to know about allergic rhinitis (hay fever)

Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) affects around one in four UK adults and is becoming increasingly common.

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Hernia repair surgery: procedure, benefits, risks and recovery

Mr Youssef says if you suffer pain or other symptoms from your hernia, he recommends you have it surgically repaired.

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Inguinal hernia FAQs

Every year around 20 million people worldwide undergo surgery to repair an inguinal hernia, revealing just how common inguinal hernias are.

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What is chronic pain and how is it treated?

Around a quarter of the population in the UK will experience chronic (long-term) pain at some point in their lives.

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Burping: why we do it and what can go wrong

Burping refers to the release of excess gas through the mouth. It happens because every time we talk or swallow, we are swallowing air.

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What causes anal (rectal) discharge?

Anal discharge refers to the release of fluids, usually pus, mucus or blood, from your back passage (anus).

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Five common indigestion myths dispelled

Around 40% of the UK population experiences indigestion every year.

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What causes loss of smell and taste?

Your ability to smell and taste are closely linked as taste and smell information are carried to the same part of your brain.

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Should I be concerned about nipple discharge?

Nipple discharge refers to fluid that leaks out of the nipple when you are not breastfeeding.

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What you need to know about lupus

Lupus is a long-term (chronic) autoimmune condition, which means your body mistakenly attacks your healthy cells.

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Hay fever: what is it and how is it treated?

Hay fever affects around one quarter of all UK adults, making it one of the most common immune conditions,

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Why am I always tired? Five possible causes of fatigue

Feeling tired is fairly common and can be caused by lots of different things, such as working too much or staying up too late.

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How to boost your iron levels to treat iron deficiency anaemia

Iron is essential for almost every aspect of your health. This is because it is a critical part of your blood, which contains haemoglobin.

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The best foods to help improve your digestive system

The digestive system breaks down the food you eat, allowing your body to absorb the energy and nutrients it contains.

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Everything you need to know about having a gastroscopy

A gastroscopy is a procedure to examine the inside of your gullet, stomach and the first part of your small intestine.

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Understanding ingrown toenails: why they happen and what to do

An ingrown toenail happens when the edge of your toenail grows down into the surrounding skin.

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How to manage your eyelid bags: home remedies and surgery

Getting older brings a host of changes to our bodies, including our eyelids.

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Blood clots: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment explained

Your blood’s clotting ability is important to help stop excessive and potentially dangerous bleeding when a blood vessel is injured.

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What you need to know about recovering from gallbladder removal surgery

Gallbladder removal surgery is a common procedure, and is the only proven treatment for gallstones.

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